Makkah al mukkaramh is one of the oldest cities in history, and it is one of the cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is the holy city for Muslims, where the honorable Kaaba is the qiblah for Muslims in their prayers, and the Grand Mosque, it is bordered on the south and west by Bahra and Jamoum governorates, on the east by Taif governorate and on the north by Jamoum governorate.

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Makkah al mukkaramh  names

Old Makkah al mukkaramh

Makkah al mukkaramh in the modern era

Makkah Al-Mukarramah between the Old and New Testaments

Makkah al mukkaramh- and to indicate the honor of its name and the highness of its position - was known by many names. Among its names mentioned in the Holy Qur’an are “Makkah” and “Bakkah”, and “Al-Balad Al-Amin”, and one of its most famous names is “Umm Al-Qura”, and it has other names, including “Umm Rahm”. , and “Al Hatima”; Because it destroys those who underestimated it, and the “old house”; Because he is freed from the tyrants, and the “head”; Because it is like the head of man, and the “Aminable Sanctuary”, “the village”, “the valley”, “the town”, “the country”, “Ma’ad”, “Salah”, “the Throne”, and “Al-Qadis” ; Because it is sanctified from sins; That is: to purify, the “holy one”, “an-nasa” and “al-Basa” with the monotheistic baa because it wears out; That is: the destruction of atheists The length of the governorate is about (77.5) km from north to south, its width is (89) km from east to west, and its area is about (3.04) thousand square km, and it is one of the smallest governorates in my country. The area of ​​each governorate in this region is approximately (2.14%) of the total area. According to the General Population and Housing Census for the year 1431 AH, the population of this governorate is approximately (1,578,722), which is approximately 22.83% of the region’s population, and 11 km from Abraj Al-Bait, so it is considered the second most densely populated governorate in the Makkah Al-Mukarramah region.

Makkah al mukkaramh in the Old Testament

The history of the establishment of Makkah dates back to more than (2000) BC, and at its beginning it was a small village located in a dry valley surrounded by mountains on all sides. After the Prophet Abraham, peace be upon him, left his wife Hajar and his son Ismail in this dry desert valley, in compliance with the command of God, they remained in the valley until the well of Zamzam blew up. The Kaaba at the hands of the Prophet Ibrahim, peace be upon him, and his son Ismail, peace be upon him. God has denied Mecca on non-Muslims after the ninth year of migration in the verse: (O ye who believe, but the mosque is unclean, do not close the mosque after their year.

History of Makkah al mukkaramh

In the period before the mission, Mecca was more like an emirate of the emirates of high-end cities by the standards of its time, as evidenced by the organization and administration that was in the reality of the situation. And the bellies loyal to the Quraish, they had to consider, as mentioned above, the conclusion of agreements and the appropriate decisions in peace and war.

Old Makkah al mukkaramh

In the past, Mecca was an oasis or a small village surrounded by mountains on both sides, and it was located on an ancient road linking South Asia, East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to the south. During the Roman and Byzantine periods, this contributed to the gradual development of the city and became a shopping center, in addition to an important religious center, and the ancient history of Makkah is represented by the following points

In the early days of Islam, he witnessed the rule of many Yemeni tribes

Under the Quraysh tribe, Mecca became an important place for trade and tribal groups

In the year (622), the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, migrated to Medina and left Mecca

The Messenger of God returned there after (8) years of migration, then conquered this city and purified it from all idols. Since then, Mecca has been the most important religious goal of Islam

Then the road collapsed in front of the caravans, causing it to lose its commercial importance

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Makkah al mukkaramh in the modern era

• Makkah al mukkaramh has become a number of places and many historical and religious monuments, all of which are closely related to Islam, and it also includes many hotels that serve visitors performing Hajj and Umrah, and Mecca has many historical monuments that we will explain in the next part
• One of the most important places after the Holy Kaaba is the pyramid mosque that surrounds the Kaaba, where Muslims pray every day.
• It includes the towers of the Great House, which ranked third in the world in terms of length, which led to a dispute between Saudi Arabia and Turkey.
• In addition to the Makkah Al-Mukarramah Mosque, many high-end hotels have been established to meet the needs of visitors.
• A gate called (The Qur'an), containing a large book depicting the Qur'an, was designed and placed on a platform, and non-Muslims are not allowed to pass this door.
• The Zamzam Fountain is also located in the holy city of Mecca, the source of water that God Almighty blew to Mrs. Hajar and her son Ismail
• This includes the place where God’s revelation comes down from the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, through Sedna Gabriel, which is a lane of Gharah

The economy of Makkah al mukkaramh

Makkah al mukkaramh economy is primarily dependent on the annual Hajj, with Saudi national airlines making 12% of its income from the Hajj, which has also contributed significantly to the economy of the entire Arabian Peninsula by taxing pilgrims to transport pilgrims to and from Mecca. Many residents of Mecca use the pilgrimage season to work in the service of pilgrims. As for food, it should be noted that the Saudi government spends about 50 million dollars on Hajji services, but in return receives more than 100 million dollars. It does not play a major role in the Saudi economy, which is mainly dependent on oil exports.

The modern history of Makkah al mukkaramh

The city was an oasis along the ancient trade route connecting southern Arabia, eastern Africa and southern Asia, and contributed to the gradual development of the city during the Byzantine and Roman periods into an important religious and commercial center. The history of Mecca includes the following: Mecca was ruled by many Yemeni tribes in pre-Islamic times. Mecca became a place of commercial and tribal gatherings under the rule of the Quraysh. This is due to the strong trade relations with Arabia, Europe and Ethiopia. In the year 622, the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, migrated from Mecca to Medina. Eight years later, the Holy Prophet returned to the so-called Fatih town of Mecca, where he cleansed Mecca of idols, and the city has been the most important religious center of Islam ever since. Then Mecca lost its commercial importance. Because of the collapse of the old caravan route. In the year 930, Mecca suffered great wrath at the hands of the Shi'ite Karamat. When the leader of this sect, Zaher Suleiman, searched the city. The rulers of the local cities were chosen from among the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad (may God's peace and blessings be upon him), who enjoyed power in the region from the mid-10th century onward. Mecca came under the rule of the Egyptian Mamluk sultans in 1269. Sovereignty over the holy city passed to the Ottoman Empire, and its capital, Constantinople, now called Istanbul, was in 1517. The Ottoman Empire collapsed after World War I and the government passed to the House of Saud. The facilities for pilgrims were upgraded under Saudi rule, which led to a significant increase in the annual number of pilgrims. In addition to the comprehensive economic development witnessed by the city. The oil resources of Saudi Arabia were used after World War II

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